The effect of exposure to long working hours on alcohol consumption, risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.
Identifieur interne : 000003 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000002; suivant : 000004The effect of exposure to long working hours on alcohol consumption, risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.
Auteurs : Daniela V. Pachito [Brésil] ; Frank Pega [Suisse] ; Jelena Bakusic [Belgique] ; Emma Boonen [Belgique] ; Els Clays [Belgique] ; Alexis Descatha [France] ; Ellen Delvaux [Belgique] ; Dirk De Bacquer [Belgique] ; Karoliina Koskenvuo [Finlande] ; Hannes Kröger [Allemagne] ; Marie-Claire Lambrechts [Belgique] ; Carolina O C. Latorraca [Brésil] ; Jian Li [États-Unis] ; Ana L. Cabrera Martimbianco [Brésil] ; Rachel Riera [Brésil] ; Reiner Rugulies [Danemark] ; Grace Sembajwe [États-Unis] ; Johannes Siegrist [Allemagne] ; Lauri Sillanm Ki [Finlande] ; Markku Sumanen [Finlande] ; Sakari Suominen [Suède] ; Yuka Ujita [Suisse] ; Godelieve Vandersmissen [Belgique] ; Lode Godderis [Belgique]Source :
- Environment international [ 1873-6750 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing Joint Estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), with contributions from a large network of experts. Evidence from mechanistic data suggests that exposure to long working hours may increase alcohol consumption and cause alcohol use disorder. In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder that are attributable to exposure to long working hours, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of exposure to long working hours (three categories: 41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on alcohol consumption, risky drinking (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence and mortality) and alcohol use disorder (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence and mortality).
DATA SOURCES
We developed and published a protocol, applying the Navigation Guide as an organizing systematic review framework where feasible. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including the WHO International Clinical Trials Register, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and CISDOC on 30 June 2018. Searches on PubMed were updated on 18 April 2020. We also searched electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand-searched reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consulted additional experts.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY AND CRITERIA
We included working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State but excluded children (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. We considered for inclusion randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the effect of exposure to long working hours (41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on alcohol consumption (in g/week), risky drinking, and alcohol use disorder (prevalence, incidence or mortality).
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS
At least two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from publications related to qualifying studies. Two or more review authors assessed the risk of bias, quality of evidence and strength of evidence, using Navigation Guide and GRADE tools and approaches adapted to this project.
RESULTS
Fourteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 104,599 participants (52,107 females) in six countries of three WHO regions (Americas, South-East Asia, and Europe). The exposure and outcome were assessed with self-reported measures in most studies. Across included studies, risk of bias was generally probably high, with risk judged high or probably high for detection bias and missing data for alcohol consumption and risky drinking. Compared to working 35-40 h/week, exposure to working 41-48 h/week increased alcohol consumption by 10.4 g/week (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.59-15.20; seven studies; 25,904 participants, I
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, for alcohol consumption in g/week and for risky drinking, we judged this body of evidence to be of low certainty. Exposure to long working hours may have increased alcohol consumption, but we are uncertain about the effect on risky drinking. We found no eligible studies on the effect on alcohol use disorder. Producing estimates for the burden of alcohol use disorder attributable to exposure to long working hours appears to not be evidence-based at this time. PROTOCOL IDENTIFIER: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.025.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42018084077.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106205
PubMed: 33189992
PubMed Central: PMC7786792
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Belgique, Brésil, Danemark, Finlande, France, Suisse, Suède, États-Unis
- Berlin, Californie, District de Düsseldorf, Pays de la Loire, Province de Flandre-Orientale, Province du Brabant flamand, Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Région flamande, Uusimaa, État de New York, État de São Paulo
- Angers, Berlin, Bruxelles, Düsseldorf, Gand, Helsinki, Heverlee, Los Angeles, Louvain, São Paulo
- Université d'Helsinki, Université de Gand
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Electronic address: pegaf@who.int.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Environment, Climate Change and Health Department, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1211 Geneva 27</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakusic, Jelena" sort="Bakusic, Jelena" uniqKey="Bakusic J" first="Jelena" last="Bakusic">Jelena Bakusic</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: jelena.bakusic@kuleuven.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boonen, Emma" sort="Boonen, Emma" uniqKey="Boonen E" first="Emma" last="Boonen">Emma Boonen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. 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Electronic address: els.clays@UGent.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Campus University Hospital Ghent, Cornel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Descatha, Alexis" sort="Descatha, Alexis" uniqKey="Descatha A" first="Alexis" last="Descatha">Alexis Descatha</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>AP-HP (Paris Hospital), Occupational Health Unit, Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France; Inserm Versailles St-Quentin Univ - Paris Saclay Univ (UVSQ), UMS 011, UMR-S 1168, Villejuif, France; Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers, France. Electronic address: alexis.descatha@inserm.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP (Paris Hospital), Occupational Health Unit, Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France; Inserm Versailles St-Quentin Univ - Paris Saclay Univ (UVSQ), UMS 011, UMR-S 1168, Villejuif, France; Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Angers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delvaux, Ellen" sort="Delvaux, Ellen" uniqKey="Delvaux E" first="Ellen" last="Delvaux">Ellen Delvaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Social and Cultural Psychology of KU Leuven, Dekenstraat 2, box 3701, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: ellen.delvaux@idewe.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Social and Cultural Psychology of KU Leuven, Dekenstraat 2, box 3701, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bacquer, Dirk" sort="De Bacquer, Dirk" uniqKey="De Bacquer D" first="Dirk" last="De Bacquer">Dirk De Bacquer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Campus University Hospital Ghent, Cornel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: dirk.debacquer@ugent.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Campus University Hospital Ghent, Cornel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koskenvuo, Karoliina" sort="Koskenvuo, Karoliina" uniqKey="Koskenvuo K" first="Karoliina" last="Koskenvuo">Karoliina Koskenvuo</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>The Social Insurance Institution of Finland, PO Box 450, FIN-00056 Kela, Finland; Department of Public Health, PO BOX 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: karoliina.koskenvuo@kela.fi.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>The Social Insurance Institution of Finland, PO Box 450, FIN-00056 Kela, Finland; Department of Public Health, PO BOX 20, 00014 University of Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kroger, Hannes" sort="Kroger, Hannes" uniqKey="Kroger H" first="Hannes" last="Kröger">Hannes Kröger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: hkroeger@diw.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambrechts, Marie Claire" sort="Lambrechts, Marie Claire" uniqKey="Lambrechts M" first="Marie-Claire" last="Lambrechts">Marie-Claire Lambrechts</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VAD, Flemish Expertise Centre for Alcohol and Other Drugs, Vanderlindenstraat 15, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: marieclaire.lambrechts@kuleuven.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VAD, Flemish Expertise Centre for Alcohol and Other Drugs, Vanderlindenstraat 15, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Latorraca, Carolina O C" sort="Latorraca, Carolina O C" uniqKey="Latorraca C" first="Carolina O C" last="Latorraca">Carolina O C. Latorraca</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Discipline of Evidence-based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Discipline of Evidence-based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Sao Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jian" sort="Li, Jian" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jian" last="Li">Jian Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, United States. Electronic address: jianli2019@ucla.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cabrera Martimbianco, Ana L" sort="Cabrera Martimbianco, Ana L" uniqKey="Cabrera Martimbianco A" first="Ana L" last="Cabrera Martimbianco">Ana L. Cabrera Martimbianco</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), 536 Conselheiro Nébias, Santos, Brazil; Cochrane Brazil, Affiliate Center Rio de Janeiro, 136 Barão do Rio Branco, Petrópolis, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Camilo, 1501 Nazaré, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), 536 Conselheiro Nébias, Santos, Brazil; Cochrane Brazil, Affiliate Center Rio de Janeiro, 136 Barão do Rio Branco, Petrópolis, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Camilo, 1501 Nazaré, Sao Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riera, Rachel" sort="Riera, Rachel" uniqKey="Riera R" first="Rachel" last="Riera">Rachel Riera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro 142, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil; Discipline of Evidence-based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Oxford-Brazil EBM-Alliance, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro 142, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil; Discipline of Evidence-based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Oxford-Brazil EBM-Alliance</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brazil; Oxford-Brazil EBM-Alliance</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rugulies, Reiner" sort="Rugulies, Reiner" uniqKey="Rugulies R" first="Reiner" last="Rugulies">Reiner Rugulies</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: rer@nfa.dk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1353 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sembajwe, Grace" sort="Sembajwe, Grace" uniqKey="Sembajwe G" first="Grace" last="Sembajwe">Grace Sembajwe</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention (OMEP), Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, 175 Community Drive, NY 11021, United States; CUNY Institute for Implementation Science, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States. Electronic address: Grace.Sembajwe@sph.cuny.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention (OMEP), Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, 175 Community Drive, NY 11021, United States; CUNY Institute for Implementation Science, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siegrist, Johannes" sort="Siegrist, Johannes" uniqKey="Siegrist J" first="Johannes" last="Siegrist">Johannes Siegrist</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Life Science Centre, University of Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: siegrist@uni-duesseldorf.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Life Science Centre, University of Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, D-40225 Duesseldorf</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Düsseldorf</region><settlement type="city">Düsseldorf</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sillanm Ki, Lauri" sort="Sillanm Ki, Lauri" uniqKey="Sillanm Ki L" first="Lauri" last="Sillanm Ki">Lauri Sillanm Ki</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Mannerheimintie 172, 00300 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland. Electronic address: lauri.sillanmaki@utu.fi.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Mannerheimintie 172, 00300 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sumanen, Markku" sort="Sumanen, Markku" uniqKey="Sumanen M" first="Markku" last="Sumanen">Markku Sumanen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: markku.sumanen@tuni.fi.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tampere</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suominen, Sakari" sort="Suominen, Sakari" uniqKey="Suominen S" first="Sakari" last="Suominen">Sakari Suominen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences, Sweden. Electronic address: sakari.suominen@utu.fi.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>School of Health Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ujita, Yuka" sort="Ujita, Yuka" uniqKey="Ujita Y" first="Yuka" last="Ujita">Yuka Ujita</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch, International Labour Organization, Route des Morillons 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: ujita@ilo.org.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch, International Labour Organization, Route des Morillons 4, 1211 Geneva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1211 Geneva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandersmissen, Godelieve" sort="Vandersmissen, Godelieve" uniqKey="Vandersmissen G" first="Godelieve" last="Vandersmissen">Godelieve Vandersmissen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: lieve.vandersmissen@idewe.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="town">Heverlee</settlement><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Godderis, Lode" sort="Godderis, Lode" uniqKey="Godderis L" first="Lode" last="Godderis">Lode Godderis</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: lode.godderis@kuleuven.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="town">Heverlee</settlement><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33189992</idno><idno type="pmid">33189992</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.envint.2020.106205</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7786792</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000050</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000050</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000050</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000050</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000050</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The effect of exposure to long working hours on alcohol consumption, risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.</title><author><name sortKey="Pachito, Daniela V" sort="Pachito, Daniela V" uniqKey="Pachito D" first="Daniela V" last="Pachito">Daniela V. Pachito</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro 142, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil; Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Av. Paulista, 548, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro 142, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil; Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Av. Paulista, 548, Bela Vista, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pega, Frank" sort="Pega, Frank" uniqKey="Pega F" first="Frank" last="Pega">Frank Pega</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Environment, Climate Change and Health Department, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Electronic address: pegaf@who.int.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Environment, Climate Change and Health Department, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1211 Geneva 27</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakusic, Jelena" sort="Bakusic, Jelena" uniqKey="Bakusic J" first="Jelena" last="Bakusic">Jelena Bakusic</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: jelena.bakusic@kuleuven.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boonen, Emma" sort="Boonen, Emma" uniqKey="Boonen E" first="Emma" last="Boonen">Emma Boonen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: emma.boonen@idewe.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="town">Heverlee</settlement><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clays, Els" sort="Clays, Els" uniqKey="Clays E" first="Els" last="Clays">Els Clays</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Campus University Hospital Ghent, Cornel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: els.clays@UGent.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Campus University Hospital Ghent, Cornel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Descatha, Alexis" sort="Descatha, Alexis" uniqKey="Descatha A" first="Alexis" last="Descatha">Alexis Descatha</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>AP-HP (Paris Hospital), Occupational Health Unit, Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France; Inserm Versailles St-Quentin Univ - Paris Saclay Univ (UVSQ), UMS 011, UMR-S 1168, Villejuif, France; Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers, France. Electronic address: alexis.descatha@inserm.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP (Paris Hospital), Occupational Health Unit, Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France; Inserm Versailles St-Quentin Univ - Paris Saclay Univ (UVSQ), UMS 011, UMR-S 1168, Villejuif, France; Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Angers</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delvaux, Ellen" sort="Delvaux, Ellen" uniqKey="Delvaux E" first="Ellen" last="Delvaux">Ellen Delvaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Social and Cultural Psychology of KU Leuven, Dekenstraat 2, box 3701, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: ellen.delvaux@idewe.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Social and Cultural Psychology of KU Leuven, Dekenstraat 2, box 3701, 3000 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bacquer, Dirk" sort="De Bacquer, Dirk" uniqKey="De Bacquer D" first="Dirk" last="De Bacquer">Dirk De Bacquer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Campus University Hospital Ghent, Cornel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: dirk.debacquer@ugent.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Campus University Hospital Ghent, Cornel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koskenvuo, Karoliina" sort="Koskenvuo, Karoliina" uniqKey="Koskenvuo K" first="Karoliina" last="Koskenvuo">Karoliina Koskenvuo</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>The Social Insurance Institution of Finland, PO Box 450, FIN-00056 Kela, Finland; Department of Public Health, PO BOX 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: karoliina.koskenvuo@kela.fi.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>The Social Insurance Institution of Finland, PO Box 450, FIN-00056 Kela, Finland; Department of Public Health, PO BOX 20, 00014 University of Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kroger, Hannes" sort="Kroger, Hannes" uniqKey="Kroger H" first="Hannes" last="Kröger">Hannes Kröger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: hkroeger@diw.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambrechts, Marie Claire" sort="Lambrechts, Marie Claire" uniqKey="Lambrechts M" first="Marie-Claire" last="Lambrechts">Marie-Claire Lambrechts</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VAD, Flemish Expertise Centre for Alcohol and Other Drugs, Vanderlindenstraat 15, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: marieclaire.lambrechts@kuleuven.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VAD, Flemish Expertise Centre for Alcohol and Other Drugs, Vanderlindenstraat 15, Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Latorraca, Carolina O C" sort="Latorraca, Carolina O C" uniqKey="Latorraca C" first="Carolina O C" last="Latorraca">Carolina O C. Latorraca</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Discipline of Evidence-based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Discipline of Evidence-based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Sao Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jian" sort="Li, Jian" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jian" last="Li">Jian Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, United States. Electronic address: jianli2019@ucla.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cabrera Martimbianco, Ana L" sort="Cabrera Martimbianco, Ana L" uniqKey="Cabrera Martimbianco A" first="Ana L" last="Cabrera Martimbianco">Ana L. Cabrera Martimbianco</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), 536 Conselheiro Nébias, Santos, Brazil; Cochrane Brazil, Affiliate Center Rio de Janeiro, 136 Barão do Rio Branco, Petrópolis, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Camilo, 1501 Nazaré, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), 536 Conselheiro Nébias, Santos, Brazil; Cochrane Brazil, Affiliate Center Rio de Janeiro, 136 Barão do Rio Branco, Petrópolis, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Camilo, 1501 Nazaré, Sao Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riera, Rachel" sort="Riera, Rachel" uniqKey="Riera R" first="Rachel" last="Riera">Rachel Riera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro 142, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil; Discipline of Evidence-based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Oxford-Brazil EBM-Alliance, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro 142, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil; Discipline of Evidence-based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Oxford-Brazil EBM-Alliance</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brazil; Oxford-Brazil EBM-Alliance</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rugulies, Reiner" sort="Rugulies, Reiner" uniqKey="Rugulies R" first="Reiner" last="Rugulies">Reiner Rugulies</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: rer@nfa.dk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1353 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sembajwe, Grace" sort="Sembajwe, Grace" uniqKey="Sembajwe G" first="Grace" last="Sembajwe">Grace Sembajwe</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention (OMEP), Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, 175 Community Drive, NY 11021, United States; CUNY Institute for Implementation Science, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States. Electronic address: Grace.Sembajwe@sph.cuny.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention (OMEP), Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, 175 Community Drive, NY 11021, United States; CUNY Institute for Implementation Science, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siegrist, Johannes" sort="Siegrist, Johannes" uniqKey="Siegrist J" first="Johannes" last="Siegrist">Johannes Siegrist</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Life Science Centre, University of Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: siegrist@uni-duesseldorf.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Life Science Centre, University of Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, D-40225 Duesseldorf</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Düsseldorf</region><settlement type="city">Düsseldorf</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sillanm Ki, Lauri" sort="Sillanm Ki, Lauri" uniqKey="Sillanm Ki L" first="Lauri" last="Sillanm Ki">Lauri Sillanm Ki</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Mannerheimintie 172, 00300 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland. Electronic address: lauri.sillanmaki@utu.fi.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Mannerheimintie 172, 00300 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sumanen, Markku" sort="Sumanen, Markku" uniqKey="Sumanen M" first="Markku" last="Sumanen">Markku Sumanen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: markku.sumanen@tuni.fi.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tampere</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suominen, Sakari" sort="Suominen, Sakari" uniqKey="Suominen S" first="Sakari" last="Suominen">Sakari Suominen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences, Sweden. Electronic address: sakari.suominen@utu.fi.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>School of Health Sciences</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ujita, Yuka" sort="Ujita, Yuka" uniqKey="Ujita Y" first="Yuka" last="Ujita">Yuka Ujita</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch, International Labour Organization, Route des Morillons 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: ujita@ilo.org.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch, International Labour Organization, Route des Morillons 4, 1211 Geneva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1211 Geneva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandersmissen, Godelieve" sort="Vandersmissen, Godelieve" uniqKey="Vandersmissen G" first="Godelieve" last="Vandersmissen">Godelieve Vandersmissen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: lieve.vandersmissen@idewe.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="town">Heverlee</settlement><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Godderis, Lode" sort="Godderis, Lode" uniqKey="Godderis L" first="Lode" last="Godderis">Lode Godderis</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: lode.godderis@kuleuven.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province du Brabant flamand</region><settlement type="town">Heverlee</settlement><settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environment international</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-6750</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing Joint Estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), with contributions from a large network of experts. Evidence from mechanistic data suggests that exposure to long working hours may increase alcohol consumption and cause alcohol use disorder. In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder that are attributable to exposure to long working hours, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVES</b></p><p>We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of exposure to long working hours (three categories: 41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on alcohol consumption, risky drinking (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence and mortality) and alcohol use disorder (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence and mortality).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b></p><p>We developed and published a protocol, applying the Navigation Guide as an organizing systematic review framework where feasible. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including the WHO International Clinical Trials Register, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and CISDOC on 30 June 2018. Searches on PubMed were updated on 18 April 2020. We also searched electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand-searched reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consulted additional experts.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>STUDY ELIGIBILITY AND CRITERIA</b></p><p>We included working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State but excluded children (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. We considered for inclusion randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the effect of exposure to long working hours (41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on alcohol consumption (in g/week), risky drinking, and alcohol use disorder (prevalence, incidence or mortality).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS</b></p><p>At least two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from publications related to qualifying studies. Two or more review authors assessed the risk of bias, quality of evidence and strength of evidence, using Navigation Guide and GRADE tools and approaches adapted to this project.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Fourteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 104,599 participants (52,107 females) in six countries of three WHO regions (Americas, South-East Asia, and Europe). The exposure and outcome were assessed with self-reported measures in most studies. Across included studies, risk of bias was generally probably high, with risk judged high or probably high for detection bias and missing data for alcohol consumption and risky drinking. Compared to working 35-40 h/week, exposure to working 41-48 h/week increased alcohol consumption by 10.4 g/week (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.59-15.20; seven studies; 25,904 participants, I</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Overall, for alcohol consumption in g/week and for risky drinking, we judged this body of evidence to be of low certainty. Exposure to long working hours may have increased alcohol consumption, but we are uncertain about the effect on risky drinking. We found no eligible studies on the effect on alcohol use disorder. Producing estimates for the burden of alcohol use disorder attributable to exposure to long working hours appears to not be evidence-based at this time. PROTOCOL IDENTIFIER: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.025.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER</b></p><p>CRD42018084077.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33189992</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-6750</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>146</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Environment international</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Environ Int</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The effect of exposure to long working hours on alcohol consumption, risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>106205</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0160-4120(20)32160-7</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.envint.2020.106205</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing Joint Estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), with contributions from a large network of experts. Evidence from mechanistic data suggests that exposure to long working hours may increase alcohol consumption and cause alcohol use disorder. In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder that are attributable to exposure to long working hours, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES">We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of exposure to long working hours (three categories: 41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on alcohol consumption, risky drinking (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence and mortality) and alcohol use disorder (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence and mortality).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DATA SOURCES">We developed and published a protocol, applying the Navigation Guide as an organizing systematic review framework where feasible. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including the WHO International Clinical Trials Register, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and CISDOC on 30 June 2018. Searches on PubMed were updated on 18 April 2020. We also searched electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand-searched reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consulted additional experts.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="STUDY ELIGIBILITY AND CRITERIA">We included working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State but excluded children (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. We considered for inclusion randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the effect of exposure to long working hours (41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on alcohol consumption (in g/week), risky drinking, and alcohol use disorder (prevalence, incidence or mortality).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS">At least two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from publications related to qualifying studies. Two or more review authors assessed the risk of bias, quality of evidence and strength of evidence, using Navigation Guide and GRADE tools and approaches adapted to this project.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Fourteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 104,599 participants (52,107 females) in six countries of three WHO regions (Americas, South-East Asia, and Europe). The exposure and outcome were assessed with self-reported measures in most studies. Across included studies, risk of bias was generally probably high, with risk judged high or probably high for detection bias and missing data for alcohol consumption and risky drinking. Compared to working 35-40 h/week, exposure to working 41-48 h/week increased alcohol consumption by 10.4 g/week (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.59-15.20; seven studies; 25,904 participants, I<sup>2</sup> 71%, low quality evidence). Exposure to working 49-54 h/week increased alcohol consumption by 17.69 g/week (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.16-26.22; seven studies, 19,158 participants, I<sup>2</sup> 82%, low quality evidence). Exposure to working ≥55 h/week increased alcohol consumption by 16.29 g/week (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.93-24.65; seven studies; 19,692 participants; I<sup>2</sup> 82%, low quality evidence). We are uncertain about the effect of exposure to working 41-48 h/week, compared with working 35-40 h/week on developing risky drinking (relative risk 1.08; 95% CI 0.86-1.36; 12 studies; I<sup>2</sup> 52%, low certainty evidence). Working 49-54 h/week did not increase the risk of developing risky drinking (relative risk 1.12; 95% CI 0.90-1.39; 12 studies; 3832 participants; I<sup>2</sup> 24%, moderate certainty evidence), nor working ≥55 h/week (relative risk 1.11; 95% CI 0.95-1.30; 12 studies; 4525 participants; I<sup>2</sup> 0%, moderate certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses indicated that age may influence the association between long working hours and both alcohol consumption and risky drinking. We did not identify studies for which we had access to results on alcohol use disorder.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">Overall, for alcohol consumption in g/week and for risky drinking, we judged this body of evidence to be of low certainty. Exposure to long working hours may have increased alcohol consumption, but we are uncertain about the effect on risky drinking. We found no eligible studies on the effect on alcohol use disorder. Producing estimates for the burden of alcohol use disorder attributable to exposure to long working hours appears to not be evidence-based at this time. PROTOCOL IDENTIFIER: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.025.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER">CRD42018084077.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 World Health Organization and International Labour Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pachito</LastName><ForeName>Daniela V</ForeName><Initials>DV</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro 142, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil; Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Av. Paulista, 548, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pega</LastName><ForeName>Frank</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environment, Climate Change and Health Department, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Electronic address: pegaf@who.int.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bakusic</LastName><ForeName>Jelena</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: jelena.bakusic@kuleuven.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boonen</LastName><ForeName>Emma</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: emma.boonen@idewe.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Clays</LastName><ForeName>Els</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Campus University Hospital Ghent, Cornel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: els.clays@UGent.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Descatha</LastName><ForeName>Alexis</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>AP-HP (Paris Hospital), Occupational Health Unit, Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France; Inserm Versailles St-Quentin Univ - Paris Saclay Univ (UVSQ), UMS 011, UMR-S 1168, Villejuif, France; Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers, France. Electronic address: alexis.descatha@inserm.fr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Delvaux</LastName><ForeName>Ellen</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Social and Cultural Psychology of KU Leuven, Dekenstraat 2, box 3701, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: ellen.delvaux@idewe.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Bacquer</LastName><ForeName>Dirk</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Campus University Hospital Ghent, Cornel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: dirk.debacquer@ugent.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koskenvuo</LastName><ForeName>Karoliina</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Social Insurance Institution of Finland, PO Box 450, FIN-00056 Kela, Finland; Department of Public Health, PO BOX 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: karoliina.koskenvuo@kela.fi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kröger</LastName><ForeName>Hannes</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: hkroeger@diw.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lambrechts</LastName><ForeName>Marie-Claire</ForeName><Initials>MC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VAD, Flemish Expertise Centre for Alcohol and Other Drugs, Vanderlindenstraat 15, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: marieclaire.lambrechts@kuleuven.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Latorraca</LastName><ForeName>Carolina O C</ForeName><Initials>COC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Discipline of Evidence-based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Jian</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, United States. Electronic address: jianli2019@ucla.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cabrera Martimbianco</LastName><ForeName>Ana L</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), 536 Conselheiro Nébias, Santos, Brazil; Cochrane Brazil, Affiliate Center Rio de Janeiro, 136 Barão do Rio Branco, Petrópolis, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Camilo, 1501 Nazaré, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Riera</LastName><ForeName>Rachel</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro 142, Bela Vista, São Paulo, Brazil; Discipline of Evidence-based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Oxford-Brazil EBM-Alliance, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rugulies</LastName><ForeName>Reiner</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: rer@nfa.dk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sembajwe</LastName><ForeName>Grace</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention (OMEP), Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, 175 Community Drive, NY 11021, United States; CUNY Institute for Implementation Science, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States. Electronic address: Grace.Sembajwe@sph.cuny.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Siegrist</LastName><ForeName>Johannes</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Life Science Centre, University of Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: siegrist@uni-duesseldorf.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sillanmäki</LastName><ForeName>Lauri</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Mannerheimintie 172, 00300 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Joukahaisenkatu 3-5, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland. Electronic address: lauri.sillanmaki@utu.fi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sumanen</LastName><ForeName>Markku</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: markku.sumanen@tuni.fi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Suominen</LastName><ForeName>Sakari</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland; University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences, Sweden. Electronic address: sakari.suominen@utu.fi.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ujita</LastName><ForeName>Yuka</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch, International Labour Organization, Route des Morillons 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: ujita@ilo.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vandersmissen</LastName><ForeName>Godelieve</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: lieve.vandersmissen@idewe.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Godderis</LastName><ForeName>Lode</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health of KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35/5, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: lode.godderis@kuleuven.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>001</GrantID><Acronym>WHO_</Acronym><Agency>World Health Organization</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>12</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Environ Int</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7807270</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0160-4120</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Alcohol consumption</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Global burden of disease</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Long working hours</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Meta-analysis</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Occupational health</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Systematic review</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>29</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>20</Hour><Minute>28</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33189992</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0160-4120(20)32160-7</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.envint.2020.106205</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7786792</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Danemark</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Suède</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Berlin</li><li>Californie</li><li>District de Düsseldorf</li><li>Pays de la Loire</li><li>Province de Flandre-Orientale</li><li>Province du Brabant flamand</li><li>Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</li><li>Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</li><li>Région flamande</li><li>Uusimaa</li><li>État de New York</li><li>État de São Paulo</li></region><settlement><li>Angers</li><li>Berlin</li><li>Bruxelles</li><li>Düsseldorf</li><li>Gand</li><li>Helsinki</li><li>Heverlee</li><li>Los Angeles</li><li>Louvain</li><li>São Paulo</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Helsinki</li><li>Université de Gand</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Brésil"><region name="État de São Paulo"><name sortKey="Pachito, Daniela V" sort="Pachito, Daniela V" uniqKey="Pachito D" first="Daniela V" last="Pachito">Daniela V. Pachito</name></region><name sortKey="Cabrera Martimbianco, Ana L" sort="Cabrera Martimbianco, Ana L" uniqKey="Cabrera Martimbianco A" first="Ana L" last="Cabrera Martimbianco">Ana L. Cabrera Martimbianco</name><name sortKey="Latorraca, Carolina O C" sort="Latorraca, Carolina O C" uniqKey="Latorraca C" first="Carolina O C" last="Latorraca">Carolina O C. Latorraca</name><name sortKey="Riera, Rachel" sort="Riera, Rachel" uniqKey="Riera R" first="Rachel" last="Riera">Rachel Riera</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pega, Frank" sort="Pega, Frank" uniqKey="Pega F" first="Frank" last="Pega">Frank Pega</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ujita, Yuka" sort="Ujita, Yuka" uniqKey="Ujita Y" first="Yuka" last="Ujita">Yuka Ujita</name></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Province du Brabant flamand"><name sortKey="Bakusic, Jelena" sort="Bakusic, Jelena" uniqKey="Bakusic J" first="Jelena" last="Bakusic">Jelena Bakusic</name></region><name sortKey="Boonen, Emma" sort="Boonen, Emma" uniqKey="Boonen E" first="Emma" last="Boonen">Emma Boonen</name><name sortKey="Clays, Els" sort="Clays, Els" uniqKey="Clays E" first="Els" last="Clays">Els Clays</name><name sortKey="De Bacquer, Dirk" sort="De Bacquer, Dirk" uniqKey="De Bacquer D" first="Dirk" last="De Bacquer">Dirk De Bacquer</name><name sortKey="Delvaux, Ellen" sort="Delvaux, Ellen" uniqKey="Delvaux E" first="Ellen" last="Delvaux">Ellen Delvaux</name><name sortKey="Godderis, Lode" sort="Godderis, Lode" uniqKey="Godderis L" first="Lode" last="Godderis">Lode Godderis</name><name sortKey="Lambrechts, Marie Claire" sort="Lambrechts, Marie Claire" uniqKey="Lambrechts M" first="Marie-Claire" last="Lambrechts">Marie-Claire Lambrechts</name><name sortKey="Vandersmissen, Godelieve" sort="Vandersmissen, Godelieve" uniqKey="Vandersmissen G" first="Godelieve" last="Vandersmissen">Godelieve Vandersmissen</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Pays de la Loire"><name sortKey="Descatha, Alexis" sort="Descatha, Alexis" uniqKey="Descatha A" first="Alexis" last="Descatha">Alexis Descatha</name></region></country><country name="Finlande"><region name="Uusimaa"><name sortKey="Koskenvuo, Karoliina" sort="Koskenvuo, Karoliina" uniqKey="Koskenvuo K" first="Karoliina" last="Koskenvuo">Karoliina Koskenvuo</name></region><name sortKey="Sillanm Ki, Lauri" sort="Sillanm Ki, Lauri" uniqKey="Sillanm Ki L" first="Lauri" last="Sillanm Ki">Lauri Sillanm Ki</name><name sortKey="Sumanen, Markku" sort="Sumanen, Markku" uniqKey="Sumanen M" first="Markku" last="Sumanen">Markku Sumanen</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Berlin"><name sortKey="Kroger, Hannes" sort="Kroger, Hannes" uniqKey="Kroger H" first="Hannes" last="Kröger">Hannes Kröger</name></region><name sortKey="Siegrist, Johannes" sort="Siegrist, Johannes" uniqKey="Siegrist J" first="Johannes" last="Siegrist">Johannes Siegrist</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Li, Jian" sort="Li, Jian" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jian" last="Li">Jian Li</name></region><name sortKey="Sembajwe, Grace" sort="Sembajwe, Grace" uniqKey="Sembajwe G" first="Grace" last="Sembajwe">Grace Sembajwe</name></country><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rugulies, Reiner" sort="Rugulies, Reiner" uniqKey="Rugulies R" first="Reiner" last="Rugulies">Reiner Rugulies</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Suominen, Sakari" sort="Suominen, Sakari" uniqKey="Suominen S" first="Sakari" last="Suominen">Sakari Suominen</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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